Helmeted Hornbill
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Order: Coraciiformes
Family: Bucerotidae
[Photo] Calao ?? casque rond - Buceros vigil - Helmeted Hornbill. Author: Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835-1915). Source: http://www.oiseaux.net/photos/daniel.giraud.elliot/calao.a.casque.rond.1.html
The Helmeted Hornbill, Rhinoplax vigil is a very large bird in the hornbill family. It is found in the Malay peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
It has mostly blackish plumage except that the belly and legs are white and the tail is white with each feather having a black band near the tip. The tail is long and the two central tail feathers are much longer than the others, up to 1 m, giving the bird a length up to 160 cm, the longest among hornbills.
This species has a bare, wrinkled throat patch, blue in females and red in males. The casque goes from the base of the bill halfway to the tip, where it ends abruptly. It and the bill are yellow; the red secretion of the preen gland covers the sides and top of the casque and the base of the bill, but often leaves the front end of the casque and the distal half of the bill yellow. Unlike other hornbills, the Helmeted Hornbill's casque is solid, and the skull including the casque and bill may constitute 10 percent of the bird's weight.
The call is described as hoots followed by maniacal laughter.
This bird eats mostly fruit, especially figs. It may also use the casque as a weighted tool to dig into rotten wood and loose bark in search of insects and similar prey. Unlike many fruit-eating hornbills, it is sedentary and pairs maintain a territory. Males fight over territory on the wing, ramming each other with their casques.
The casque is the source of a valuable carving material, hornbill ivory. Indigenous peoples also use the central tail feathers to decorate dancing cloaks and head-dresses.
The Punan people believe that a large Helmeted Hornbill guards the river between life and death.
Due to ongoing habitat lost and hunted in some areas, the Helmeted Hornbill is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmeted_Hornbill
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